Protection of Public Water Supplies from Ground-water ContaminationCenter for Environmental Research Information, 1985 - 182 pages The publication contains material from technology transfer seminars presented for the water supply community. The document provides utility managers and operators, regulators and technical specialists with guidance for preventing contamination and alternatives for treating public ground-water supplies that are contaminated. An understanding of the processes that affect the movement and degradation of contaminants in the subsurface is essential for effective ground-water quality management. Knowledge can be gained from chapters on 'Ground-Water Hydrology', 'Classification of Ground-Water Regions' and Ground-Water--Surface Water Relationship'. |
Autres éditions - Tout afficher
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Groundwater Contamination Wayne A. Pettyjohn Affichage d'extraits - 1987 |
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Ground-water Contamination Wayne A. Pettyjohn Aucun aperçu disponible - 1987 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
1,2-Dichloroethane activated carbon adjacent adsorption aeration alluvial alluvium aquifer tests basin bedrock capillary capillary fringe chemical chloride clay concentration cone of depression confined aquifers confining beds Creek curve depth developed discharge areas dispersion disposal distance drawdown Drinking Water equation estimate feet per day flow lines fractures freshwater ground water ground-water pollution ground-water quality ground-water runoff ground-water system High Plains hydraulic conductivity hydraulic gradient hydrograph hydrologic infiltration land surface landfill layers leachate limestone material meters mg/l migration mineralized Mountains movement nomograph occurs Ohio permeable plume ponds porosity precipitation problem pumping rate range recharge areas region regolith River sand and gravel saturated shown in Figure shows silt soil specific capacity storage coefficient stream surface runoff surface water surficial taminated Tetrachloroethylene thickness tion transmissivity Trichloroethylene U.S. Geological Survey unconfined unconsolidated underlain units unsaturated zone valleys velocity VOCs waste water level water supply water table yield µg/l
Fréquemment cités
Page ii - It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Page 66 - River system, which virtually blankets the area from the Appalachian Mountains on the east to the Rocky Mountains on the west, and from the Canadian border on the north to the Gulf of Mexico on the south. It...
Page 23 - The coefficient of storage of an aquifer is defined as the volume of water it releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the aquifer per unit change in the component of head normal to that surface. This coefficient is a dimensionless number. The coefficient of storage of a nonartesian aquifer is nearly identical with the specific yield of the aquifer.
Page 48 - It is, therefore, increasingly important that those who use this literature become proficient in converting units of measurement from one system to another. Most conversions involve the fundamental principle that the numerator and denominator of a fraction can be multiplied by the same number (in essence, multiplying the fraction by 1) without changing the value of the fraction. For example, if both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction i•i are multiplied by 2, the value of the fraction...
Page 82 - Infiltration and Permeability of Weathered Crystalline Rocks, Georgia Nuclear Laboratory, Dawson County, Georgia.
Page 40 - Values of// are determined by substituting in equation (6.3) values of T, S, r, and t that are representative of conditions in the area. To illustrate, assume, in an area under investigation and for which a large number of values of specific capacity are available, that: 1. The principal aquifer is confined, and aquifer tests indicate that it has a storage coefficient of about 2 X 10"4 and a transmissivity of about 1 1 ,000 ft2/day.
Page 9 - Both the direction of ground-water movement and the hydraulic gradient can be determined if the following data are available for three wells located in any triangular arrangement such as that shown in Figure 10: 1. The relative geographic position of the wells. 2. The distance between the wells. 3. The total head at each well. Figure 11 illustrates the following steps in the solution. Wan 2 (mod, 26 20 *) • eff l l "aon, 26 26ml wall 3 .1nauo, 26 07*! o 25 so 100 Meters (»l (26 26 -26 20) (2626-2607)...
Page 1 - National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 Clean Water Act of 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Safe Drinking Water Act of 1979 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 At the Federal level, the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Page 115 - ... produce odors or smoke or attract vermin and insects. Even though a landfill is covered, however, leachate may be generated by the infiltration of precipitation and surface runoff. Fortunately many substances are removed from the leachate as it filters through the unsaturated zone, but leachate may pollute ground water and even streams if it discharges at the surface as springs and seeps. At one site, rejected transformers and capacitors containing polychlorinated biphenyls from an industrial...
Page 30 - Theis assumed in the development of the equation that: 1 . The transmissivity of the aquifer tapped by the pumping well is constant during the test to the limits of the cone of depression. 2. The water withdrawn from the aquifer is derived entirely from storage and is discharged instantaneously with the decline in head. 3. The discharging well penetrates the entire thickness of the aquifer, and its diameter is small in comparison with the pumping rate, so that storage in the well is negligible. These...